Physical & Logical Data Independence Explain In DBMS

Data Independence Explain With Types, DBMS Data Independence Types Explain, Physical & Logical Data Independence Explain In DBMS

The changes can be made in one level without affecting the other levels that is called data independence.

Data independence is the capacity to change the schema at one level of a database system without having to change the schema at the next higher level.

Types of data independence

Physical data independence is the capacity to change the internal schema without having to change the conceptual (or external) schemas.

Logical data independence is the capacity to change the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs.

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